我的2000年開始旅行: 2005諾貝爾文學獎得主哈洛‧品特

哈洛‧品特(Harold Pinter, 1930 - )是當代世界戲劇界主要人物之一。1930年生於英國倫敦東區，是一個猶太裁縫師的獨生子。第二次世界大戰爆發時，他被送到康瓦耳(Cornwall)鄉下避難。一直到14歲，家人才將他帶回倫敦，抵達當天卻目擊炸彈在頭上飛過的恐怖情景。18歲時，就讀於皇家藝術學院(the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art)，因為戲劇見解和學院中師生不同，於是假裝神經崩潰而退學。1954年，他採用大衛‧巴倫(David Baron)的藝名，隨著劇團到愛爾蘭及英國各地巡迴演出，並於1957年開始他的創作生涯。

品特是一位備受爭議的當代英國劇作家。他劇中人物的常常身份不明或言行舉止缺乏明顯動機。而清晰、中規中矩的情節以及結尾在他的劇作中也較不多見。因此他是一位頗難予定位的劇作家。有人認為他是荒誕派作家(absurdist)、存在主義派作家(existentialist)，但總覺有疏漏之處。品特雖曾受到卡夫卡(Kafka)及貝克特(Bcekett)的影響，但是他的劇作卻具有批評家所謂的品特風格(Pinteresque)。他的作品泰半強調「威脅」的普遍性──不管是內在或外來的威脅；以及現代社會中「溝通」的困難或其不可能。作品中最常出現的意象是一個房間及其四面牆──前者象徵劇中人物所能獲得的最小量的庇護與安全，而後者則代表這些人物所受的限制或壓迫。。

品特題材多樣化，寫作技巧饒富創意，而且語言和「靜默」的運用耐人尋味，使他成為當代世界戲劇大師，他的重要作品還包括《生日派對》(The Birthday Party, 1958)、《啞巴侍應》(The Dumb Waiter, 1960)、《看門人》(The Caretaker)、《回鄉》(The Homecoming)、《背叛》(Betrayal)及《從灰燼至灰燼》(Ashes to Ashes)等。

出自：國民大戲院

照片來自AP

作品與論述：

Works in English
1. Plays (year of writing; year of publication; year of first performance)
The Room (1957). – in The Birthday Party, and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Bristol, 1957)
The Birthday Party (1957). – in The Birthday Party, and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Arts Theatre, Cambridge, 28 April 1958)
The Dumb Waiter (1957). – in The Birthday Party, and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Kleines Haus, Frankfurt, February 1959)
A Slight Ache (1958). – in A Slight Ache and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1961. – (Broadcast 1959)
The Hothouse (1958). – in The Hothouse. – London : Eyre Methuen, 1980. – (Hampstead Theatre, London,
24 April 1980)
The Caretaker (1959). – in The Caretaker. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Arts Theatre, London, 27 April 1960)
A Night Out (1959). – in Slight Ache and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1961. – (Broadcast on the BBC Third Programme, 1 March 1960)
Night School (1960). – in Tea Party and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1967. – (Broadcast on Associated Rediffusion Television, 21 July 1960)
The Dwarfs (1960). – in Slight Ache and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1961. – (Broadcast 1960; New Arts Theatre, London, 18 September 1963)
The Collection (1961). – in The Collection. – London : French, 1963 (1962?) ; in The Collection, and The Lover. – London : Methuen, 1963. – (Televised 1961)
The Lover (1962). – in The Collection, and The Lover. – London : Methuen, 1963. – (Televised 1961)
Tea Party (1964). – in Tea Party and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1967. – (Eastside Playhouse, New York, October 1968)
The Homecoming (1964). – in The Homecoming. – London : Methuen, 1965. – (Aldwych Theatre, London, 3 June 1965)
The Basement (1966). – in Tea Party and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1967. – (Televised 1967)
Landscape (1967). – in Landscape. – London : Pendragon Press, 1968 ; in Landscape, and Silence. – London : Methuen, 1969. – (Broadcast 1968)
Silence (1968). – in Landscape, and Silence. – London : Methuen, 1969. – (Aldwych Theatre, London, 2 July 1969)
Old Times (1970). – in Old Times. – London : Methuen, 1971. – (Aldwych Theatre, London, 1 June 1971)
Monologue (1972). – in Monologue. – London : Covent Garden Press, 1973. – (Televised on the BBC Television, 13 April 1973)
No Man's Land (1974). – in No Man's Land. – London : Methuen, 1975. – (Old Vic, London 23 April, 1975)
Betrayal (1978). – in Betrayal. – London : Eyre Methuen, 1978. – (National Theatre, London, November 1978)
Family Voices (1980). – in Family Voices. – London : Next Editions, 1981. – (Broadcast on Radio 3,
22 January 1981)
Other Places (1982). – in Other Places : Three Plays. – London : Methuen, 1982. – (Cottesloe Theatre, London, October 1982)
A Kind of Alaska (1982). – in A Kind of Alaska. – London : French, 1982 ; in Other Places : Three Plays. – London : Methuen, 1982. – (Cottesloe Theatre, London, October 1982)
Victoria Station (1982). – in Victoria Station. – London : French, 1982 ; in Other Places : Three Plays. – London : Methuen, 1982. – (Cottesloe Theatre, London, October 1982)
One for the Road (1984). – in One for the Road. – London : Methuen, 1984. – (Lyric Theatre Studio, Hammersmith, March 1984)
Mountain Language (1988). – in Mountain Language. – London : French, 1988 ; in Mountain Language. – London : Faber, 1988. – (National Theatre, London, 20 October 1988)
The New World Order (1991). – in Granta (no 37), Autumn 1991. – (Royal Court Theatre Upstairs, London, 19 July 1991)
Party Time (1991). – in Party Time. – London : Faber, 1991. – (Almeida Theatre, London, 31 October 1991)
Moonlight (1993). – in Moonlight. – London : Faber, 1993. – (Almeida Theatre, London, 7 September 1993)
Ashes to Ashes (1996). – in Ashes to Ashes. – London : Faber, 1996. – (Royal Court at the Ambassadors Theatre, London, 12 September 1996)
Celebration (1999). – in Celebration. – London : Faber, 2000. – (Almeida Theatre, London, 16 March 2000)
Remembrance of Things Past (2000). – in Remembrance of Things Past. – London : Faber, 2000. – ( Cottesloe Theatre, London, 23 November, 2000)

2. Additional
The Proust Screenplay : À la recherche du temps perdu / by Harold Pinter, with the collaboration of
Joseph Losey and Barbara Bray. – New York : Grove Press, 1977
Poems and Prose 1949 –1977. – London : Methuen, 1978
The Dwarfs : a novel. – London : Faber, 1990
Various Voices : Poetry, Prose, Politics, 1948 –1998. – London : Faber, 1998
Collected Screenplays. 1. – London : Faber, 2000. – Content : The Servant, The Pumpkin Eater, The Quiller Memorandum, The Accident, The Last Tycoon, Langrishe Go Down
Collected Screenplays. 2. – London : Faber, 2000. – Content : The Go-Between ; The Proust Screenplay ;
Victory ; Turtle Diary ; Reunion
Collected Screenplays. 3. – London : Faber, 2000. – Content : The French Lieutenant's Woman ; The Heat of the Day ; The Comfort of Strangers ; The Trial ; The Dreaming Child
The Disappeared and Other Poems. – London : Enitharmon, 2002
Press Conference. – London : Faber, 2002
War : [Eight Poems and One Speech]. – London : Faber, 2003

Works in French
C'était hier / traduit de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1971. – Traduction de: Old Times
No man's land ; suivi de Le monte plat ; Une petite douleur ; Paysage ; et de Dix sketches / adaptation
française d'Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1979
La collection ; suivi de L'amant ; et de Le gardien / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1984. – Traduction de: The Collection ; The Lover ; The Caretaker
L'anniversaire / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1985. – Traduction de: The Birthday Party
Le retour / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1985. – Traduction de: The Homecoming
Trahisons ; suivi de Hothouse ; Un pour la route: et autres pièces / adapt. française d'Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1987
La lune se couche ; suivi de Ashes to Ashes ; Langue de la montagne ; Une soirée entre amis: et autres
textes / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1998
Les nains : roman / trad. de l'anglais par Alain Delahaye. – Paris: Gallimard, 2000. – Traduction de: The Dwarfs
Autres voix : prose, poésie, politique, 1948–1998 / trad. de l'anglais par Jean Pavans, Isabelle D. Philippe
et Natalie Zimmermann. – Montricher: Éd. Noir sur blanc, 2001. – Traduction de: Various Voices
La guerre / trad. de l'anglais par Jean Pavans. – Paris: Gallimard, 2003. – Traduction de: War
Célébration ; La chambre / trad. de l'anglais par Jean Pavans. – Paris: Gallimard, 2003

Works in Swedish
Apart from anthologies no work by Harold Pinter has yet been published in book form in Swedish.

Works in German
Tiefparterre / Neu durchges. Fassung nach d. Übers. von Willy H. Thiem. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1967. – Originaltitel : The Basement
Teegesellschaft / nach d. Übers. von Willy H. Thiem, d. Bühnen gegenüber Ms. – Reinbek bei
Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1968. – Originaltitel: Tea Party
Dramen / Neu durchges. Fassung nach d. Übers. von Willy H. Thiem u.a. – Reinbek bei Hamburg :
Rowohlt, 1970
Alte Zeiten ; Landschaft ; Schweigen : 3 Theaterstücke / Dt. von Renate u. Martin Esslin. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1972
Betrogen / Dt. von H. M. Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1978. – Originaltitel : Betrayal
Das Treibhaus / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1980. – Originaltitel: The Hothouse
Der stumme Diener : ausgew. Dramen / Übers. aus d. Engl. von Willy H. Thiem ... Ausw. u. Nachw. von Klaus Köhler. – Leipzig : Insel-Verlag, 1981
Familienstimmen / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt-Theater-Verlag, 1981. – Originaltitel: Family Voices
Einen für unterwegs / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt-Theater-Verlag, 1984. – Originaltitel: One For the Road
Genau / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, Theater-Verlag, 1986. – Originaltitel: Precisely
An anderen Orten : 5 neue Kurzdramen / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1988
Die Geburtstagsfeier ; Der Hausmeister ; Die Heimkehr ; Betrogen. – Nach den Übers. von Willy H. Thiem. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1990
Die Zwerge : Roman / Dt. von Johanna Walser und Martin Walser. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1994. – Originaltitel : The Dwarfs
Mondlicht und andere Stücke. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verl., 2000
Krieg / Aus dem Engl. von Elisabeth Plessen und Peter Zadek. – Hamburg : Rogner und Bernhard bei Zweitausendeins, 2003. – Originaltitel : War

Literature
Hayman, Ronald, Harold Pinter. – London : Heinemann, 1968
Esslin, Martin, The Peopled Wound : the Plays of Harold Pinter – London : Methuen, 1970
Hollis, James Russell, Harold Pinter : the Poetics of Silence. – Carbondale, Ill. : Southern Ill. U.P., 1970
Hinchliffe, Arnold P., Harold Pinter. – Boston : Twayne, 1981
Dukore, Bernard Frank, Harold Pinter. – London : Macmillan, 1982
Harold Pinter : You Never Heard Such Silence / edited by Alan Bold. – London : Vision, 1985
Harold Pinter : Critical Approaches / edited by Steven H. Gale. – Rutherford : Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, 1986
Harold Pinter / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. – New York : Chelsea House Publishers, 1987
Esslin, Martin, Pinter the Playwright. – London : Methuen, 1992
Gussow, Mel, Conversations With Pinter. – New York : Limelight Editions, 1994
Knowles, Ronald, Understanding Harold Pinter. – Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina Press, 1995
Regal, Martin S., Harold Pinter : a Question of Timing. – London : Macmillan, 1995
Billington, Michael, The Life and Work of Harold Pinter. – London : Faber, 1996
Jalote, Shri Ranjan, The Plays of Harold Pinter : a Study in Neurotic Anxiety. – New Delhi : Harman, 1996
Peacock, D. Keith, Harold Pinter and the New British Theatre. – Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1997
Harold Pinter : a Celebration / introduced by Richard Eyre. – London : Faber, 2000
Prentice, Penelope, The Pinter Ethic : the Erotic Aesthetic. – New York : Garland, 2000
Pinter at 70 : a Caseboook / edited by Lois Gordon. – New York : Routledge, 2001
Gale, Steven H., Sharp Cut : Harold Pinter's Screenplays and the Artistic Process. – Lexington : University Press of Kentucky, cop. 2003
The Art of Crime : the Plays and Films of Harold Pinter and David Mamet / edited by Leslie Kane. –
New York : Routledge, 2004
Smith, Ian, Pinter in the Theatre. – London : Nick Hern, 2005. – New York : Routledge, 2004
Baker, William, Harold Pinter : a Bibliographical History. – London : The British Library, 2005
Batty, Mark, & Ross, John C., About Pinter : the Playwright and the Work. – London : Faber, 2005