赫伯特‧里德(Herbert Read)在《藝術的意義》一書,透露了陶器總飽滿抽象而純淨的造型,大衛‧桑莫斯(David Summers)試圖在《實在空間》(Real Spaces)告訴我們人造物屬於群我間連續的想像而來的生活方式,有一些詩,試圖藉此透露甚麼是生命的永恆。例如,史蒂文生的〈瓶之軼事〉或是濟慈的〈希臘古甕頌〉,恰好一內一外形成對於藝術永恆的註解。在《細讀》亦用著詳細的角度由濟慈的〈希臘古甕頌〉建構英國的藝詩傳統,但極重要一點的是無論有無意識,這一類的作品好在揀選到適當的書寫對象。
瓶之所以好是因為陶製品是人類藝術之中極為純粹以造型而非內涵為重的類別,也同時有著恆長人類歷史的藝術活動,是遠古普遍即在的人造物。以瓶為例,濟慈乃藉著歷史感,而史蒂文生依附在那純粹造型的力量來塑造特異的時空。在史蒂文生筆下產生自然與文明的對峙,藝術與生活的相對,至今讀來仍是有味。
Anecdote of the Jar ◎ Wallace Stevens
I placed a jar in Tennessee,
And round it was, upon a hill.
It made the slovenly wilderness
Surround that hill.
The wilderness rose up to it,
And sprawled around, no longer wild.
The jar was round upon the ground
And tall and of a port in air.
It took dominion everywhere.
The jar was gray and bare.
It did not give of bird or bush,
Like nothing else in Tennessee.
而濟慈的〈希臘古甕頌〉亦是如此被史蒂文生繼承,如同Bloom筆下強調史蒂文生是很有歷史意識的詩人,其作品在此與濟慈此作是如此互文。即使此處的悠悠之感,恰若宇文所安筆下,陳子昂獨佔了唐朝的時間與王維佔領了空間的感覺。濟慈藉由時空的殘存下的陶甕讚嘆藝術,而在史蒂文生筆下則是柳暗花明又一村,草偃而來的宏觀。
Ode On A Grecian Urn ◎John Keats
Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness,
Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who canst thou express
A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
What leaf-fring'd legend haunt about thy shape
Of deities or mortals, or of both,
In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?
What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?
What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?
What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?
Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard
Are sweeter: therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;
Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,
Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:
Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave
Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;
Bold lover, never, never canst thou kiss,
Though winning near the goal - yet, do not grieve;
She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,
For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!
Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed
Your leaves, nor ever bid the spring adieu;
And, happy melodist, unwearied,
For ever piping songs for ever new;
More happy love! more happy, happy love!
For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,
For ever panting, and for ever young;
All breathing human passion far above,
That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,
A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.
Who are these coming to the sacrifice?
To what green altar, O mysterious priest,
Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,
And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?
What little town by river or sea shore,
Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,
Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn?
And, little town, thy streets for evermore
Will silent be; and not a soul to tell
Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.
O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede
Of marble men and maidens overwrought,
With forest branches and the trodden weed;
Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought
As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!
When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty," - that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
或許也有人會想起覃子豪的〈瓶之存在〉
瓶之存在 ◎覃子豪
凈化官能的熱情,昇華為靈,而靈于感應
吸納萬有的呼吸與音籟在體中,化為律動
自在自如的
挺圓圓的腹
挺圓圓的腹
似坐著,又似立著
禪之寂然的靜坐,佛之莊嚴的肅立
似背著,又似面著
背深淵而面虛無
背虛無而臨深淵
無所不背,君臨于無視
無所不面
面面的靜觀
不是平面,是一立體
不是四方,而是圓,照應萬方
圓通的感應,圓通的能見度
是一軸心,具有引力與光的輻射
挺圓圓的腹
清醒于假寐,假寐于清醒
自我的靜中之動,無我的無動無靜
存在於肯定中,亦存在於否定中
不是偶然,沒有眉目
不是神祗,沒有教義
是一存在,靜止的存在,美的存在
而美形于意象,可見可感而不可確定的意象
是另一世界之存在
是古典、象徵、立體、超現實與抽象
所混合的秩序,夢的秩序
誕生於造物者感興設計
顯示于混沌而清明,抽象而具象的形體
存在於思維的赤裸與明晰
假寐七日,醒一千年
假寐千年,聚萬家的冥想
化渾噩為靈明,化清晰為朦朧
群星與太陽在宇宙的大氣中
典雅,古樸如昔
光煥,新鮮如昔
靜止如之,澄明如之,渾然如之,
每一寸都是光
每一寸都是美
無需假借
無需裝飾
繁星森然
閃爍于夜晚,隱藏于白晝
無一物存在的白晝
太陽是其主宰
青空渺渺,深邃
而有不可窮究的富饒深藏
空靈在你腹中
是不可窮究的虛無
蛹蛻變,花的繁開與謝落
蝶展翅,向日葵揮灑種子
演進、嬗變、迴圈無盡?
或如笑聲之迸發與逝去,是一個剎那?
剎那接連剎那
日出日落,時間在變,而時間依然
你握時間的整體
容一宇宙的寂寞
在永恒的靜止中,吐納虛無
自適如一,自如如一,自在如一
而定於一
寓定一于孤獨的變化中
不容分割
無可腐朽
--徹悟之後的靜止
--大覺之後的存在
自在自如的
挺圓圓的腹
宇宙包容你
你腹中卻孕育著一個宇宙
宇宙因你而存在
只可惜我只能將之視為上述兩詩的東方註解,在手法上實在在那個時代氛圍或是當代下都不是那麼的乾淨而成功,倘若布萊克的一粒沙見世界如此有力,此詩便是多處可削減的,不如紀弦用屠刀切割「美神」那樣直接而原創。「凈化官能的熱情,昇華為靈,而靈于感應/吸納萬有的呼吸與音籟在體中,化為律動/如佛/在永恒的靜止中,吐納虛無/自適如一,自如如一,自在如一/握時間的整體/容一宇宙的寂寞」,可以見到瓶的選擇是多麼令人誘惑。
而這樣的力量與松尾芭蕉的名俳:「寂寞裡,古池塘,青蛙跳入水聲響。」實則一樣,如密斯(Mies van der Rohe)的名言「簡約即是豐富」,只是要具備慧眼與詩心獨自去找尋仍實在不容易。
(此文整理自本人某版留言)